智能EHealth应用程序通过遥感,连续监控和数据分析为客户提供个性化和预防性的数字医疗服务。智能EHealth应用程序从多种模态感知输入数据,将数据传输到边缘和/或云节点,并使用计算密集型机器学习(ML)算法处理数据。连续的嘈杂输入数据,不可靠的网络连接,ML算法的计算要求以及传感器 - 边缘云层之间的计算放置选择会影响ML驱动的EHEADH应用程序的效率。在本章中,我们介绍了以优化的计算放置,准确性绩效权衡的探索以及用于ML驱动的EHEADH应用程序的跨层次感觉的合作式化的技术。我们通过传感器 - 边缘云框架进行客观疼痛评估案例研究,证明了在日常设置中智能eHealth应用程序的实际用例。
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健康监测应用程序越来越依赖机器学习技术来学习日常环境中的最终用户生理和行为模式。考虑到可穿戴设备在监视人体参数中的重要作用,可以利用在设备学习中为行为和生理模式构建个性化模型,并同时为用户提供数据隐私。但是,大多数这些可穿戴设备的资源限制都阻止了对它们进行在线学习的能力。为了解决这个问题,需要从算法的角度重新考虑机器学习模型,以适合在可穿戴设备上运行。高维计算(HDC)为资源受限设备提供了非常适合的设备学习解决方案,并为隐私保护个性化提供了支持。我们的基于HDC的方法具有灵活性,高效率,弹性和性能,同时可以实现设备个性化和隐私保护。我们使用三个案例研究评估方法的功效,并表明我们的系统将培训的能源效率提高了高达$ 45.8 \ times $,与最先进的深神经网络(DNN)算法相比准确性。
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The deep neural network (DNN) models for object detection using camera images are widely adopted in autonomous vehicles. However, DNN models are shown to be susceptible to adversarial image perturbations. In the existing methods of generating the adversarial image perturbations, optimizations take each incoming image frame as the decision variable to generate an image perturbation. Therefore, given a new image, the typically computationally-expensive optimization needs to start over as there is no learning between the independent optimizations. Very few approaches have been developed for attacking online image streams while considering the underlying physical dynamics of autonomous vehicles, their mission, and the environment. We propose a multi-level stochastic optimization framework that monitors an attacker's capability of generating the adversarial perturbations. Based on this capability level, a binary decision attack/not attack is introduced to enhance the effectiveness of the attacker. We evaluate our proposed multi-level image attack framework using simulations for vision-guided autonomous vehicles and actual tests with a small indoor drone in an office environment. The results show our method's capability to generate the image attack in real-time while monitoring when the attacker is proficient given state estimates.
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We present SODA: the first publicly available, million-scale high-quality social dialogue dataset. Using SODA, we train COSMO: a generalizable conversation agent outperforming previous best-performing agents on both in- and out-of-domain datasets. In contrast to most existing crowdsourced, small-scale dialogue corpora, we distill 1.5M socially-grounded dialogues from a pre-trained language model (InstructGPT; Ouyang et al., 2022). Dialogues are distilled by contextualizing social commonsense knowledge from a knowledge graph (Atomic10x; West et al., 2022). Human evaluation shows that dialogues in SODA are more consistent, specific, and (surprisingly) natural than prior human-authored datasets - e.g., DailyDialog (Li et al., 2017), BlendedSkillTalk (Smith et al., 2020). In addition, extensive evaluations show that COSMO is significantly more natural and consistent on unseen datasets than best-performing dialogue models - e.g., GODEL (Peng et al., 2022), BlenderBot (Roller et al., 2021), DialoGPT (Zhang et al., 2020). Furthermore, it is sometimes even preferred to the original human-written gold responses. We make our data, models, and code public.
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GTFLAT, as a game theory-based add-on, addresses an important research question: How can a federated learning algorithm achieve better performance and training efficiency by setting more effective adaptive weights for averaging in the model aggregation phase? The main objectives for the ideal method of answering the question are: (1) empowering federated learning algorithms to reach better performance in fewer communication rounds, notably in the face of heterogeneous scenarios, and last but not least, (2) being easy to use alongside the state-of-the-art federated learning algorithms as a new module. To this end, GTFLAT models the averaging task as a strategic game among active users. Then it proposes a systematic solution based on the population game and evolutionary dynamics to find the equilibrium. In contrast with existing approaches that impose the weights on the participants, GTFLAT concludes a self-enforcement agreement among clients in a way that none of them is motivated to deviate from it individually. The results reveal that, on average, using GTFLAT increases the top-1 test accuracy by 1.38%, while it needs 21.06% fewer communication rounds to reach the accuracy.
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无线网络的第五生成(5G)将更加自适应和异质。可重新配置的智能表面技术使5G能够在多仪波形上工作。但是,在这样的动态网络中,特定调制类型的识别至关重要。我们提出了基于人工智能的RIS辅助数字分类方法。我们培训卷积神经网络以对数字调制进行分类。所提出的方法可以直接在接收的信号上学习并学习特征,而无需提取功能。介绍和分析了卷积神经网络学到的功能。此外,还研究了在特定SNR范围内接收信号的强大功能。发现所提出的分类方法的准确性很显着,尤其是对于低水平的SNR。
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使用样式转移模型来降低社交媒体评论的侵犯性可以帮助促进更具包容性的环境。但是,没有大量的数据集包含令人反感的文本及其不利的同行,并且具有有限标记数据的微调预审计模型可以导致样式传递文本中原始含义的丧失。为了解决这个问题,我们提供了两个主要贡献。首先,我们发布了第一个公开可用的,平行的反击红色评论及其风格转让的评论,由专家社会语言学家注释。然后,我们介绍了第一个话语感知的样式转移模型,这些模型可以有效地降低Reddit文本中的进攻性,同时保留原始文本的含义。这些模型是第一个检查评论与文本之间回复的推论链接的模型,以转移进攻性reddit文本的样式。我们提出了两种不同的方法,将话语关系与预验证的变压器模型集成在一起,并在我们的Reddit及其无罪分子同行的进攻评论的数据集中对其进行评估。相对于自动指标和人类评估的基线的改进表明,与最先进的话语 - 不可思议的模型相比,我们的话语感知模型在保持样式转移文本的含义方面更好。
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拟人化是一种语音人物,它赋予无生命实体具有属性和行动,通常被视为需要动画。在本文中,我们探讨了人格化生成的任务。为此,我们提出了菠萝:通过获取平行的人格化数据来学习增强的产生,来拟人化无生命的实体。我们策划了一个名为PersonifCorp的拟人化语料库,并自动生成了这些拟人化的文字化。我们通过训练SEQ2SEQ模型来拟人化给定的文字输入,从而证明了该平行语料库的有用性。自动评估和人类评估都表明,通过人格科目进行微调会带来与人格化相关的素质(例如动画和兴趣)的显着提高。详细的定性分析还强调了菠萝在基准上的关键优势和瑕疵,表明具有强大的能力产生多样化和创造性的拟人化,从而增强了句子的整体吸引力。
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当个人指出或谈论其他人的话语时,语言永久不平等的能力最为明显。尽管当前对NLP中偏见的研究主要依赖于对特定群体的仇恨言论或偏见,但我们认为我们可以通过建模说话者,文本和目标来对偏见与语言使用之间的相互作用的相互作用更加微妙和细微的理解在文字中。在本文中,我们介绍了一个由美国国会议员注释的3033个英语推文的数据集,并介绍了人际情绪的注释,并对人际关系成员标签进行了“找到监督”。我们发现,诸如愤怒和厌恶之类的负面情绪主要用于群体外部情况,主要针对对方领导人。虽然人类可以表现出色,而不是鉴定人际群体成员资格的机会,但神经模型的表现要好得多。此外,人际关系成员资格和人际关系情感之间的共同编码使后者有一些表现的提高。这项工作旨在将NLP中偏见的研究从特定的偏见中重新调整为封装说话者,文本,目标和社会动态之间关系的偏见。本文的数据和代码可从https://github.com/venkatasg/interpersonal-dynamics获得
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舌头是有意义的句子,难以发音。自动产生舌头扭曲的过程具有挑战性,因为产生的话语必须立即满足两个条件:语音难度和语义含义。此外,语音难度本身很难表征,并且通过异质的现象(例如垂涎和谐音)的异质组合以自然的扭曲词来表达。在本文中,我们提出了Pancetta:音素意识到的神经完成,以自动引起舌头扭曲。我们利用音素表示来捕获语音难度的概念,并训练语言模型以在两个提出的任务设置上生成原始的舌头扭曲。为此,我们策划了一个名为Pancetta的数据集,该数据集由现有的英语舌头组成。通过自动和人类评估以及定性分析,我们表明pancetta产生了新颖,语音上的困难,流利和语义上有意义的舌头扭曲。
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